physical inactivity Archives

Cancer Causing Factors: American cancer society identifies 6 factors…

16 July 2024
by admin

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is a complex challenge affecting millions globally. It claims many lives each year, but some risk factors are within our control. By addressing these modifiable factors through healthier lifestyles—quitting smoking, eating nutritious foods, staying active, using sunscreen, and moderating alcohol—we can reduce cancer incidences and save lives significantly.
A new study published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, the flagship journal of the American Cancer Society close to 50% of all cancer cases can be prevented by making changes in 6 risk factors.
The study from the American Cancer Society has said: Lung cancer had the highest number of cancer cases (201,660) and deaths (122,740) attributable to evaluated risk factors, followed by female breast cancer (83,840 cases), skin melanoma (82,710), and colorectal cancer (78,440) for attributable cases and by colorectal (25,800 deaths), liver (14,720), and esophageal (13,600) cancer for attributable deaths. Large numbers of cancer cases and deaths in the United States are attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors.
The potential risk factors

Cigarette and second-hand smoking
Excess body weight
Alcohol consumption
Diet
Physical inactivity
Ultraviolet radiation
Infections like HPV

Overall, researchers analyzed 18 modifiable risk factors across 30 types of cancer.

One of the ultimate solution to reduce cancer risk: STOP SMOKING

Smoking emerges as the most dominant modifiable risk factor for cancer, implicated in almost 20% of cancer cases and nearly one-third of cancer-related deaths. Its impact spans across several types of cancers, prominently lung cancer but extending to others like bladder, throat, and pancreatic cancers. The detrimental impact of tobacco smoke is multifaceted, from introducing carcinogens directly into the body to promoting genetic mutations and impairing immune function, thereby fostering tumor development and progression.

Excess body weight contributes significantly to cancer incidence

Obesity is linked to higher risks of colorectal, breast (post-menopausal), and esophageal cancers, among others. Excess body weight is not just a number on a scale—it significantly impacts cancer treatment and outcomes in several profound ways. When we carry extra weight, our bodies undergo complex changes that can fuel cancer growth and make treatment more challenging.

Is kidney cancer curable?

Excess body fat produces hormones and growth factors that promote inflammation and cell proliferation, creating an environment conducive to cancer development and progression. For example, in breast cancer, fat tissue can increase estrogen levels, which may stimulate hormone-receptor-positive tumors.
Moreover, obesity can complicate cancer treatment itself. Surgical procedures may be more technically difficult and carry higher risks, such as wound complications or infections. Radiation therapy might be less effective in obese patients due to difficulties in targeting tumors accurately and increased toxicity to surrounding healthy tissues. Chemotherapy doses might need adjustment because drug distribution in fat tissue can alter its effectiveness.
Fortunately, even modest weight loss can make a significant difference.

Alcohol consumption is another noteworthy risk factor

Alcohol consumption heightens the likelihood of developing cancers of the liver, mouth, throat, and breast. Its effects on cancer treatment are profound and often overlooked. The link between alcohol and cancer is well-established, with even moderate drinking increasing the risk of several cancers, including those of the mouth, throat, liver, breast, and colon.
During cancer treatment, alcohol can interfere with the body’s ability to heal and recover. For instance, it can weaken the immune system, making it harder to fight off infections or recover from surgery. Alcohol also impacts how medications are processed in the body, potentially reducing the effectiveness of chemotherapy or increasing the risk of side effects.

Liver cancer, in particular, is directly linked to alcohol consumption. Excessive drinking over time can lead to cirrhosis, which increases the likelihood of developing liver cancer. For those undergoing treatment for liver cancer, alcohol consumption can exacerbate liver damage and complicate recovery.
Reducing alcohol consumption or abstaining completely can significantly improve cancer treatment outcomes.

Physical inactivity correlates with increased cancer risks

Physical inactivity is increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor for cancer. While exercise is well-known for its cardiovascular and muscular benefits, its role in reducing cancer risk is equally crucial. Sedentary lifestyles contribute to a higher likelihood of developing several types of cancer, including colon, breast (post-menopausal), and endometrial cancers.

The mechanisms linking physical inactivity to cancer risk are multifaceted. Regular physical activity helps regulate hormones such as insulin and estrogen, both of which can promote cancer growth when levels are chronically elevated. Exercise supports a healthy immune system, crucial for detecting and eliminating early cancerous cells before they can proliferate.
Physical activity plays a pivotal role in maintaining a healthy body weight. Obesity, often a consequence of insufficient exercise, is a significant risk factor for many cancers. Exercise helps to burn excess calories, reduce fat tissue, and maintain muscle mass, all of which contribute to a lower overall cancer risk.

Cancer is largely preventable: Dr Anil D’Cruz

It promotes better circulation and oxygenation of tissues, which can reduce inflammation—a common denominator in many chronic diseases, including cancer. Improved circulation also enhances the delivery of nutrients and removal of waste products from cells, supporting overall cellular health and resilience against cancerous changes.
Incorporating regular exercise into daily routines doesn’t require extreme measures; even moderate activities like brisk walking, swimming, or cycling can make a difference. Small changes, such as taking the stairs instead of the elevator or scheduling short exercise breaks during the day, can gradually increase physical activity levels and reduce cancer risk. By prioritizing movement and regular exercise, individuals can significantly enhance their overall health and reduce their chances of developing cancer later in life.

Infections such as HPV (Human Papillomavirus) increase cancer risk

Infections like Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are directly linked to an increased risk of developing several types of cancer. HPV is a common virus transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, most often during sexual activity. While the body’s immune system can often clear HPV infections without any symptoms, persistent infections with high-risk HPV strains can lead to cellular changes that may progress to cancer over time.

HPV is notably associated with cervical cancer, where nearly all cases are caused by persistent infection with high-risk HPV types. The virus can also lead to cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx (the middle part of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils).
Vaccination against HPV has proven highly effective in preventing infections with the most common cancer-causing strains of the virus. The HPV vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls before they become sexually active, ideally between ages 9 to 12, as it provides the best immune response at this age. Regular screenings, such as Pap smears for cervical cancer, can detect precancerous changes early, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.

“These findings reinforce that the morbidity and premature mortality from cancer in the United States can be substantially reduced through broad and equitable implementation of known preventive initiatives, such as excise taxes on cigarettes to reduce smoking, screening for and treating HCV infection, and vaccination against HPV infection,” the researchers have said.
How to make these changes?
Reducing cancer risk through lifestyle changes involves practical steps that anyone can take. Start with quitting smoking, which is single-handedly the most impactful action. Seek support from friends, family, or cessation programs—it’s tough but incredibly rewarding for your health. Next, maintain a healthy weight through balanced nutrition and regular exercise. Focus on a diet rich in colorful fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while limiting processed foods, sugars, and fats.

Stay active! Find activities you enjoy, whether it’s walking, dancing, or sports—it all counts toward lowering your cancer risk. Limit alcohol intake; moderation is key to reducing risks for cancers like breast and liver. Protect yourself from the sun with sunscreen, hats, and clothing to prevent skin cancer.
Get vaccinated against viruses like HPV and hepatitis B, which can lead to certain cancers. Regular screenings and check-ups are crucial too; early detection saves lives. Always remember, small changes add up—incorporate these steps gradually into your routine for lasting benefits. Your choices today can significantly impact your cancer risk tomorrow—empower yourself with knowledge and take charge of your health!

Science & Environment

WHO defines physical inactivity, says this much exercise weekly…

26 June 2024
by admin

A pooled analysis of 507 population-based surveys with 5·7 million participants has revealed that more than 30% of the global population does not meet the healthy levels of physical activity. This means, a major chunk of the population is not physically active as per the recommended levels set by the World Health Organisation (WHO).
More than 40% of Indians are physically inactive and are at risk of life threatening diseases, the Lancet study has found.As per the WHO, insufficient physical activity is defined as not doing 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity, 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity, or an equivalent combination per week.
The global prevalence of insufficient physical activity has increased from 23.4% in 2000, 26.4% in 2010 to 31.3% in 2022, the study has revealed. Prevalence was 5 percentage points higher among females. The World Health Assembly (WHA) has set a target of a 15% relative reduction in insufficient physical activity between 2010 and 2030.

COVID lockdown to be blamed for insufficient physical activity?

“We conducted a sensitivity analysis to determine whether activity levels changed after March, 2020, when WHO announced COVID-19 as a pandemic, but found no evidence of a step change or non-linearity in trends in the included data collected during or after August 2020,” the WHO has said in the report.

The COVID-19 lockdowns led to significant physical inactivity, adversely impacting public health. As restrictions confined people to their homes, opportunities for regular exercise diminished, gyms closed, and outdoor activities were limited. The lockdowns disrupted routines, making it harder for people to maintain consistent exercise habits. This sudden shift to a more sedentary lifestyle had several detrimental effects.

Why can the human body not do without enough physical activity?

Lack of physical activity has profound and far-reaching consequences on the body, contributing to numerous chronic diseases and overall poor health. The dangers of physical inactivity are extensive and multifaceted, impacting nearly every system in the body. Incorporating regular exercise into daily routines is essential for maintaining physical, mental, and emotional health. Simple activities like walking, cycling, or engaging in a favorite sport can significantly reduce the risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle, promoting a longer, healthier, and more fulfilling life.
The first major impact of insufficient physical activity is on cardiovascular health. Regular exercise helps maintain a healthy heart and circulatory system by improving blood flow, reducing blood pressure, and lowering cholesterol levels. Without adequate physical activity, individuals are more prone to hypertension, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), heart attacks, and strokes. The heart muscle itself can weaken, leading to a decreased ability to pump blood efficiently, which can result in heart failure over time.
In addition to cardiovascular issues, physical inactivity is a significant contributor to obesity and metabolic syndrome. When there is an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure due to a sedentary lifestyle, weight gain is inevitable. Excessive weight gain, particularly when coupled with a poor diet, can lead to metabolic syndrome—a cluster of conditions that includes increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels. Metabolic syndrome significantly raises the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Exercise helps to manage weight, regulate blood sugar levels, and improve cholesterol profiles, thereby mitigating these risks.

The development of type 2 diabetes is another critical effect of a sedentary lifestyle. Physical inactivity increases insulin resistance, a condition where the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Over time, this can develop into type 2 diabetes. Regular physical activity helps the body use insulin more effectively, reducing blood sugar levels and preventing or managing diabetes. In contrast, a lack of exercise exacerbates insulin resistance and makes blood sugar control more challenging, increasing the likelihood of complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease.
Musculoskeletal issues are also exacerbated by a lack of exercise. A sedentary lifestyle weakens muscles and bones, leading to conditions such as osteoporosis (bone density loss) and sarcopenia (muscle loss). Weak muscles and bones increase the risk of falls and fractures, particularly in older adults. Joint health also suffers, with increased stiffness and pain contributing to conditions like arthritis. Regular weight-bearing and resistance exercises are crucial for maintaining musculoskeletal health, promoting bone density, and ensuring joint flexibility and muscle strength. Without these exercises, the musculoskeletal system deteriorates, leading to decreased mobility and independence.
The mental health implications of physical inactivity are equally concerning. Sedentary behavior negatively impacts mental health, increasing the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Exercise is known to boost endorphin levels, which enhance mood and overall sense of well-being. It also helps reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety by promoting neural growth, reducing inflammation, and fostering feelings of calm. Without regular physical activity, individuals miss out on these mental health benefits, potentially leading to increased prevalence of mental health disorders and a reduced quality of life.
Respiratory health is also affected by a lack of exercise. A sedentary lifestyle can lead to reduced lung capacity and efficiency. Regular exercise improves lung function and increases oxygen delivery to tissues. Without physical activity, the lungs and respiratory muscles weaken, leading to decreased endurance and increased susceptibility to respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This reduction in respiratory health can significantly impact overall vitality and daily functioning.

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Physical inactivity can also impair immune function, making individuals more susceptible to infections and diseases. Regular physical activity boosts the immune system, helping the body fight off illnesses more effectively. A sedentary lifestyle can lead to a weakened immune response, making individuals more prone to common colds, flu, and potentially even increasing the risk of certain cancers due to the immune system’s diminished capacity to detect and destroy abnormal cells.
Cognitive decline is another serious effect of physical inactivity. A sedentary lifestyle is linked to cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Regular exercise promotes brain health by improving blood flow, reducing inflammation, and stimulating the growth of new neural connections. It helps maintain cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. Without regular physical activity, these cognitive functions can deteriorate, leading to decreased mental acuity and independence in later life.
Digestive health is also impacted by a lack of physical activity. Exercise stimulates intestinal contractions, aiding in efficient digestion and reducing the risk of constipation and other gastrointestinal issues. Physical inactivity can slow down the digestive process, leading to discomfort, bloating, and a higher risk of developing conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Regular movement is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system and ensuring regular bowel movements.
Lastly, physical activity helps regulate hormones, including insulin, cortisol, and growth hormones. Lack of exercise can lead to hormonal imbalances, affecting everything from metabolism and mood to reproductive health. For instance, elevated cortisol levels due to stress and inactivity can lead to weight gain, especially around the abdomen, and disrupt sleep patterns. Hormonal imbalances can also affect fertility and menstrual cycles in women.

Why can’t women afford to skip regular exercise?

Females, like all individuals, benefit significantly from regular physical activity, but there are specific reasons why it is particularly important for women to engage in more physical activity.
Regular physical activity helps to regulate hormones, which is crucial for women. Hormonal fluctuations occur naturally during menstrual cycles, pregnancy, and menopause. Exercise can help stabilize hormones, reducing symptoms such as mood swings, fatigue, and irritability. For example, regular physical activity can alleviate premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and help manage menopause symptoms by balancing estrogen levels.

Heart diseases in women: Experts weighs in on latest worrying trends, signs and symptoms

Women are at a higher risk of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, jogging, and strength training, are particularly effective in increasing bone density and strength. Engaging in regular physical activity during adolescence and young adulthood is essential for building a strong bone foundation, while continued exercise in later years helps maintain bone health and prevent osteoporosis-related fractures.
Mental well-being is another critical area where physical activity plays a vital role. Women are more likely than men to experience anxiety and depression, partly due to hormonal changes throughout their lives. Regular exercise releases endorphins, the body’s natural mood lifters, and reduces stress hormones like cortisol. This can help mitigate the symptoms of anxiety and depression, improve sleep quality, and boost overall mental health.
Weight management is also a significant concern. Women tend to have higher body fat percentages than men and may find it harder to lose weight due to biological differences in metabolism. Regular physical activity helps in maintaining a healthy weight by increasing calorie expenditure and boosting metabolic rate. This, in turn, reduces the risk of obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers.

Understanding hypertension as a major risk factor for the heart

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