The cricketer who led India to victory in the 2022 U-19 World Cup, Yash Dhull recently underwent a heart surgery that has raised concerns and curiosity among fans. The surgery, described as minor as per PTI, was necessary after a routine scan during a training camp revealed a small hole in Dhull’s heart. While the condition may sound alarming, it’s important to understand what having a hole in the heart means and how it can impact a person’s health.

What is a hole in the heart?

A “hole in the heart” is a term often used to describe a range of congenital heart defects (CHDs) that involve an abnormal opening in the walls (septum) separating the heart’s chambers. These defects are usually present at birth and can vary in size and severity. The most common types of septal defects include Atrial Septal Defects (ASDs) and Ventricular Septal Defects (VSDs), each with its own implications.

Atrial septal defects (ASDs):
ASDs occur when there is a hole in the wall (septum) between the heart’s upper chambers, the left and right atria. This defect allows oxygen-rich blood to mix with oxygen-poor blood, leading to an increased workload on the heart and lungs. ASDs are often congenital and can vary in size. Smaller defects may close on their own over time, while larger ones might require surgical intervention.

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs):
VSDs are holes in the wall between the heart’s lower chambers, the left and right ventricles. These defects can lead to a significant mixing of blood, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and delayed growth in children. Depending on the size and location of the defect, VSDs may close naturally or require surgical correction.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO)
Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO), a type of septal defect that occurs when a small hole between the heart’s upper chambers fails to close after birth. The foramen ovale is a naturally occurring hole in the fetal heart that allows blood to bypass the lungs, which are not yet functional before birth. Normally, this hole closes shortly after birth, but in about 25% of people, it remains open, leading to a PFO.

How important is early detection?

Yash Dhull’s heart condition was detected during a routine scan, highlighting the importance of early detection. Routine medical check-ups and screenings can identify congenital heart defects that might otherwise go unnoticed. Early detection allows for timely intervention, which can prevent complications and improve outcomes for those affected.