In recent years, the discovery of microplastics in various body organs has raised significant health concerns.
For the first time microplastics were detected in human placentas through a method called Raman microspectroscopy. These tiny plastic particles have been found in numerous organs, shedding light on their pervasive impact on human health.
Why are microplastics worrisome? It is because they can infiltrate various organs and tissues, potentially causing health issues.These tiny particles, often less than 5 millimeters in size, can carry harmful chemicals and toxins, leading to inflammation, oxidative stress, and potential disruptions in cellular functions. They may contribute to chronic conditions such as respiratory issues, liver and kidney problems, and even impact immune and endocrine systems.

“There’s much more plastic in our brains than I ever would have imagined or been comfortable with”

Microplastics are accumulating in human body organs and a recent study has found sizeable concentration of microplastics in 52 samples from routine autopsies from men and women in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The researchers were surprised to find up to 30 times more microplastics in brain samples than in the liver and kidney, reports have said. “There’s much more plastic in our brains than I ever would have imagined or been comfortable with,” the study’s lead author Matthew Campen, a toxicologist and professor of pharmaceutical sciences at the University of New Mexico told The Guardian.

One of the most alarming discoveries is the presence of microplastics in the lungs

Studies have identified plastic particles in lung tissues from both autopsies and biopsies. This is particularly concerning given the lungs’ role in filtering air and their exposure to airborne pollutants. Microplastics can enter the respiratory system through inhalation, especially in areas with high levels of air pollution. Their presence in lung tissues could potentially contribute to respiratory issues, including inflammation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Microplastics have also been detected in the liver

This is concerning as the liver is a vital organ responsible for detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing nutrients. Research indicates that these particles can accumulate in the liver, where they might disrupt normal cellular functions. This accumulation could lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, and alterations in liver function. Over time, this may increase the risk of liver diseases, including fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis.

Microplastics have been found in kidneys as well

The kidneys, essential for filtering blood and excreting waste products, are another organ where microplastics have been found. The presence of these particles in kidney tissues can impair renal function and contribute to inflammation. Persistent exposure could potentially lead to chronic kidney disease or exacerbate existing conditions. The kidneys’ ability to filter and cleanse the body might be compromised by the accumulation of microplastics.

Identification of microplastics in the heart is concerning

Recent studies have suggested that microplastics may also be present in the heart. While the full implications are still being researched, the presence of these particles in cardiac tissues could affect heart function. Microplastics might contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially leading to cardiovascular diseases. The impact on heart health remains a critical area of study, as any disruption in cardiac function can have severe health consequences.

Microplastics have been frequently found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

This is because ingestion is a common way microplastics enter the body. The particles can cause irritation and inflammation of the digestive tract. Long-term exposure may contribute to gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or other chronic digestive issues. There’s also concern about the potential for microplastics to interfere with nutrient absorption and gut microbiota balance.

How exposure of body organs to microplastics can harm the health in long term

Microplastics can carry harmful chemicals, including additives and contaminants from their production process. These chemicals can leach into the body, potentially causing toxicity. For instance, some microplastics contain phthalates and bisphenols, which are known to be endocrine disruptors. Long-term exposure to these substances can interfere with hormone regulation and potentially increase the risk of reproductive and developmental issues, as well as certain cancers.
Microplastics may interfere with normal cellular functions. When these particles accumulate in organs, they can cause oxidative stress, disrupting cellular processes and leading to damage. This disruption can affect the organ’s ability to function properly, potentially leading to chronic diseases or worsening existing conditions.
The presence of microplastics in the body can impact the immune system’s ability to function effectively. Chronic exposure to these particles can lead to an overactive immune response, potentially resulting in autoimmune diseases or increased susceptibility to infections. The immune system’s constant engagement with microplastics may reduce its efficiency in fighting off other pathogens.
There is concern about the potential for microplastics to bioaccumulate in the body over time. Bioaccumulation occurs when substances build up in an organism’s tissues faster than they can be eliminated. If microplastics accumulate in organs like the liver or kidneys, it could exacerbate their harmful effects and increase the risk of long-term health problems.

How to manage this crisis?

One of the most effective ways to mitigate the health risks associated with microplastics is to reduce plastic consumption. Opting for alternatives to single-use plastics, such as reusable bags and containers, can help limit the amount of plastic waste. Supporting and participating in recycling programs also contributes to reducing plastic pollution.
Enhancing waste management systems to better handle plastic waste can prevent microplastics from entering the environment. This includes improving recycling processes and reducing plastic leakage into natural ecosystems. Effective waste management practices can help minimize the production of microplastics and their potential impact on human health.